工业化时代比的是碳，电气化时代，拼的是贵，煤炭和石油的主要成分就是碳很快会被淘汰。
而钻石的主要成分其实也是碳，并且储量非常大，一点都不值钱的。光伏主要用的是龟，未来会成为主流能源。
而更重要的是，在电气时代，通讯、计算、电气设备用到的集成电路、半导体芯片。
主要成分也都是龟地球上元素排第二的就是龟，它的原材料沙子、岩石到处都是成本很低。
用处却很大，归以前叫做西，现在好像在港台地区还是叫夕，并且有一些地区把硅谷叫做西谷。
其实都一样，西就是归是同一种元素。有一种职业病叫做矽肺病。
现在我们知道其实也就是归肺病，但绝不是说归有毒，而是吸入了微小的二氧化硅的漂浮物的费力沉积在肺部。
才引发的之所以叫职业病，是因为只有在矿场采矿的过程中才有可能吸入在日常生活中是没有这种几微米的二氧化硅颗粒的。
所以都没有任何问题。
光伏电池片里硅的纯度一般要达到六个九，多晶硅和单晶硅都可以。而发电效率上来看，单晶硅还是要更高一些。
电子级的多晶硅一般需要达到九个九。
而现在芯片主要用的都是高纯度的单晶硅，也是人类目前为止能做到纯度最高的晶体，可以达到十二个九。
也就是说，在一万亿个硅原子里，才有可能混入一个其他的原子。而最早晶体管上用的不是龟，而是者。
说到晶体管，就要说到这个人，威廉肖克利他在一九五六年因为晶体管的研究获得了诺贝尔物理学奖。
后来在美国加州成立了一家公司，招募了大量的人才，但是由于不善管理，其中的八个人离他而去。
就是著名的八盘土，这八个人出来后，找到了一个有钱人费尔柴尔德来投资。他们成立了一家后来被誉为全世界最伟大的公司。
先通半导体。
菲尔查尔德的名字翻译成中文，就是现通他们开始用硅替换易碎的者来做晶体管，后来逐步演化做出了集成电路。
帮公司赚了很多钱。
但是也是因为公司内部的原因，八个人相继离开，成立了不同的公司，其中的两个人诺伊斯和摩尔摩尔就是提出芯片行业摩尔定律的那个摩尔。
他们两个人成立了一家公司，后来非常有名，就是英特尔。
而在加州这个小地方慢慢出现了很多关于规的公司，从此这个地方就被叫做。
硅谷规的发展确实是源于美国，源于硅谷。但是这几十年过去了，谁能想到现在全球归发展的最好的。
就是我们中国在芯片领域，我们确实还是有点受制于人，但并不是因为归，而是因为软件和光刻技术。
在龟的领域，中国还是很有优势的。全球排名前十的硅料企业，中国占了其中的七家。
都很厉害都。
The era of industrialization is more expensive than carbon, and the era of electrification is more expensive. The main component of coal and oil, carbon, will soon be eliminated.
The main component of diamonds is actually carbon, and the reserves are very large, which is not valuable at all. Photovoltaic mainly uses turtles, which will become the mainstream energy source in the future.
More importantly, in the electrical age, integrated circuits and semiconductor chips used in communications, computing, and electrical equipment.
The main ingredients are also turtles. The second element on the earth is the turtle. Its raw materials, sand and rocks, are everywhere at low cost.
But it is very useful. It used to be called Xi, but now it seems to be called Xi in Hong Kong and Taiwan, and in some areas, Silicon Valley is called Xigu.
In fact, they are all the same, the west is the same element. There is an occupational disease called silicosis.
Now we know that it is actually a lung disease, but it is by no means said that it is toxic, but the laborious deposition of inhaled tiny silica floats in the lungs.
The reason why it is called occupational disease is because it is only possible to inhale silica particles of a few microns in daily life that are not in the process of mining in the mine.
So there is no problem.
The purity of silicon in photovoltaic cells generally has to reach six nines, and both polycrystalline silicon and monocrystalline silicon can be used. In terms of power generation efficiency, monocrystalline silicon is still higher.
Electronic grade polysilicon generally needs to reach nine nines.
And now the chip mainly uses high-purity single crystal silicon, which is the highest purity crystal that human beings can achieve so far, which can reach twelve nines.
In other words, in a trillion silicon atoms, it is possible to mix in one other atom. The first transistor used was not a tortoise, but something.
Speaking of transistors, it is necessary to talk about this person, William Shockley, who won the Nobel Prize in Physics for the study of transistors in 1956.
Later, a company was established in California and recruited a large number of talents, but due to poor management, eight of them left him.
It is the famous Bapan Tu. After these eight people came out, they found a rich man Fairchild to invest. They founded a company that was later hailed as the greatest company in the world.
First Pass Semiconductor.
The translation of Philchard's name into Chinese means that they started to use silicon to replace the fragile ones to make transistors, and then gradually evolved to make integrated circuits.
Made a lot of money for the company.
But also because of the company's internal reasons, eight people left one after another and established different companies. Two of them, Noyce and Moore, are the Moore who proposed Moore's Law in the chip industry.
The two of them established a company, which was very famous later, and it was Intel.
And in this small place in California, a lot of companies about regulations slowly appeared, and this place has been called since then.
The development of Silicon Valley regulations really originated from the United States and from Silicon Valley. But these decades have passed, who can think of the best development in the world now.
That is, in the field of chips in China, we are still a bit constrained by others, but not because of return, but because of software and lithography technology.
In the field of tortoises, China still has an advantage. Of the top ten silicon companies in the world, China accounts for seven of them.
They are all amazing.